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Old Norwegian (Norwegian: ''gammelnorsk'', ''gam(m)alnorsk'') is an early form of the Norwegian language that was spoken between the 11th and 14th century; it is a transitional stage between Old West Norse and Middle Norwegian. Its distinction from Old West Norse is a matter of convention. Traditionally, Old Norwegian has been divided into the main dialect areas of North Western, Outer South Western, Inner South Western, Trøndersk, North Eastern, and South Eastern. ==Phonological and morphological features== One of the most important early differences between Old Norwegian and Old Icelandic is that ''h'' in the consonant combinations ''hl-'', ''hn-'' and ''hr-'' was lost in Old Norwegian around the 11th century, while being preserved in Old Icelandic. Thus, one has e.g. Old Icelandic ''hlíð'' 'slope', ''hníga'' 'curtsey' and ''hringr'' 'ring' vs Old Norwegian ''líð'', ''níga'' and ''ringr'', respectively. Many Old Norwegian dialects feature a height based system of vowel harmony: Following stressed high vowels (/i/, /í/, /y/, /ý/, /u/, /ú/) and diphthongs (/ei/, /ey/, /au/), the unstressed vowels /i/ and /u/ appear as ''i'', ''u'', while they are represented as ''e'', ''o'' following long non-high vowels (/é/, /ǿ/, /ó/, /ǽ/, /á/). The situation following stressed short non-high vowels (/e/, /æ/, /ø/, /a/, /o/, /ǫ/) is much debated and was apparently different in the individual dialects.〔(Homepage of a symposium on Old Norwegian vowel harmony, held in Bergen in March 2015 ) (in Norwegian)〕 The ''u''-umlaut of short /a/ (written ''ǫ'' in normalized Old Norse) is not as consistently graphically distinguished from non-umlauted /a/ as in Old Icelandic, especially in writings from the Eastern dialect areas. It is still a matter of academic debate whether this is to be interpreted phonologically as a lack of umlaut or merely as a lack of its graphical representation. Old Norwegian had alternative dual and plural first person pronouns, ''mit,'' ''mér,'' to the Common Norse ''vit,'' ''vér.''〔Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon — ''(An Icelandic-English Dictionary )'' (1874). (Eirligr-Ekkill )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Old Norwegian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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